Hierarchical modeling of length-dependent force generation in cardiac muscles and associated thermodynamically-consistent numerical schemes

In the context of cardiac muscle modeling, availability myosin heads in sarcomeres varies over heart cycle contributing to Frank–Starling mechanism at organ level. this paper, we propose a new approach that allows extend Huxley’57 contraction model equations incorporate variation. This extension is built thermodynamically consistent manner, and also adapted numerical methods satisfy thermodynamical balances discrete Moreover, whole approach—both for numerics—is devised within hierarchical strategy enabling coupling microscopic sarcomere-level with macroscopic tissue-level description. As an important illustration, our previously proposed simplified model, demonstrate ability modeling framework capture essential features mechanism.